A national systematic literature review for aflatoxin M1 in commonly consumed cheese brands in Iran: Human health risk assessment by Monte Carlo simulation

Cheese is popular in Iran because of its high nutritional value; therefore, it necessary to control this product regarding health risk factors, particularly aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). This research reviewed AFM1 various varieties cheese assess the potential risks associated with consuming these products for different age groups. In regard, all accessible papers from databases were screened between June 27, 2000 and October 10, 2022 b y systematic then considering selection criteria studies; finally, 22 articles selected current review. The amount prevalence calculated separated based on variety, sampling location; assessment (HRA), statistical, uncertainty, sensitivity analysis groups performed. study results 2143 samples showed that overall average 160 ± 175 ng/kg, below European Commission (EC) regulation (250 ng/kg). contaminated 72.42% samples, 13% had a higher than EC regulation. ranked levels as white pasteurized > traditional creamy probiotic Lighvan, ranking was obtained locations market dairy factories livestock farms. Based HRAs, perspective liver cancer (LCR), margin exposure (MOE), hazard index (HI) approach, can be concluded produced Iran, terms AFM1, children, poses serious risks. Accordingly, imperative carefully consider implementing suitable management methods inhibit growth B1 (AFB1) fodder, training sanitary production processing according world standards suggested industrial producers across Iran.